Authors:
R. C. Anderson

Summary:

Changes in brain structure and cognitive function are a natural part of aging; however, in some cases these changes are more pronounced, resulting in mild cognitive changes. Evidence is mounting to show that changes in biological signaling are associated with age-related changes in brain function. Age-related changes in these pathways do not appear to occur in isolation and are part of broader systemic processes, which may be influenced by changes in the gut associated with aging. These include an increase in gut permeability, which allows certain compounds into the body, and alterations in gut microbiota composition leading to dysbiosis. It therefore follows that approaches that maintain gut function may help support overall physiological balance. The aim of this mini review was to evaluate whether probiotics could be used for this purpose. The analysis concluded that there is preliminary evidence to suggest that specific probiotics may support cognitive function, particularly in aging populations; however, further large, multicenter studies are required. In addition, studies that combine assessment of cognition alongside analysis of biological markers and gut function are needed. Significant improvements in quality of life may be possible should these findings be further validated.