Symptoms and Stages of Parkinson's Disease
Approximately 90,000 people are diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease each year in the United States.¹
This number may be higher as many individuals go undiagnosed due to the different symptoms and stages of the disorder.² Each individual has a unique relationship to the disorder as not everyone experiences the same symptoms in the same order or intensity.
The most common symptoms of Parkinson’s disease are:
Tremors
• A rhythmic shaking that usually begins in the hands or fingers, sometimes it can occur in the jaw or foot.³
• This tremor occurs when the body is at rest.
Muscle stiffness
• Stiffness in any part of the body, leading to rigid movements which can lead to painful cramps called dystonia.
Cognitive impairment
• Problems with thinking, word finding and judgement.⁴
• Speech changes - loss of typical speech patterns, may become slurred, speak softly or have hesitation.
• Writing changes - trouble writing and may become small and cramped.
Slowed movement
• Also known as Bradykinesia
• Difficulty to execute initial movements, reduced speed and amplitude of movement.
Parkinson’s disease has been categorized into 5 different stages.⁵ These stages refer to the clinical disability in relation to motor function.
Stage 1
• Is defined as early stage Parkinson's disease
• There are mild symptoms that do not interfere with daily activities.
• Changes in posture, walking and facial expressions may start to occur during this time.
Stage 2/Stage 3
• Is defined as mid stage Parkinson’s disease
• Symptoms have progressed to the point where tremors, muscle rigidity may begin to affect both sides of the body.
• Falls become more common while motor functions continue to decrease.
Stage 4/Stage 5
• Is defined as advanced stage Parkinson's disease.
• Symptoms are fully developed and severely disabling
• The individual will require around the clock care.
While there is currently no cure for Parkinson’s disease, there are various treatment options available to help manage symptoms and improve quality of life.
Symptom management may include a combination of medications, therapies, and in some cases, surgical interventions. It's important to remember that treatment plans are highly individualized - what works for one person may not work for another.
For those living with Parkinson’s, progress may feel slow or even invisible at times, especially when faced with daily challenges. However, small improvements add up, and as a caregiver or family member, you may notice subtle but meaningful changes. These gains, though gradual, play a vital role in maintaining mobility, independence, and overall well-being.
References:
3) https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/parkinsons-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20376055
4) https://www.apdaparkinson.org/what-is-parkinsons/symptoms/#cognitive-changes
5) https://www.parkinson.org/understanding-parkinsons/what-is-parkinsons/stages
